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If you are a student in Uni, you are probably busy concentrating on your studies and trying to get an education that can benefit you for the future. A proper financial education is not one of the most important things on your mind.  However, it is during your time as a student that you should start learning the basics of managing your finances.  By learning how to properly manage your finances early on, you will then be able to properly manage your finances in the future and start off your life with little or no debt.

If you own a credit card, you will want to avoid using it, except in emergency situations.  If you do use a credit card, then you will want to make sure that you pay off your balance each month.  Carrying a balance on your credit card will cost you extra in interest, so paying off the balance before the interest-free period will save you.

If you are paying bills, such as utility costs, you will want to make sure that the bills are paid on time.  By paying your bills on time, you will start building your credit history and a good habit.  If you fail to pay your bills on time you will be charged late fees, which can easily add up.  To ensure payment on your bills, you can set up a standing order or direct debit. A good credit history now will help in later life when you need a personal loan for buying a car or a mortgage to buy your first property.

Finding a good bank account is important, and because several banks offer discounts on student accounts you shouldn’t find it hard to find a good account.  You will want an account that will offer you an overdraft and a good interest rate.  It pays to shop around, so before settling for a bank, make sure that you check out what other banks are offering.

The types of mortgages available in the UK have changed, forever.  Now, 8 out of 10 UK homeowner loans have terms exceeding 25 years.

Two decades ago, the longest repayment term was 25-years. According to a report published by Moneyfacts.co.uk, one in four UK mortgage lenders now offer repayment terms spread that exceed 40 years, and 8 out of 10 lenders offer maximum mortgage repayment terms that exceed the traditional 25 year limits.

Julia Harris, analysts at Moneyfacts.co.uk, said that consumers needed to give careful consideration to both the size of the mortgage and the repayment term.

Harris said: “A mortgage for most of us will represent the largest and longest financial commitment of our lives. For many years the standard term considered for a mortgage in the UK was 25 years, but as affordability becomes increasingly difficult for many of today’s first time buyers, a 25-year term is perhaps no longer considered sufficient.”

Ms. Harris stresses that many UK homeowner loan lenders have enticed the young to buy by extending the mortgage term and increasing the income multiples, which increase the amount consumers can borrow.

“It’s a frightening thought to think you could potentially be forking out for that hefty monthly mortgage payment from the moment you turn 18 until the day you retire at 70.”

Debt experts warn UK consumers that homeowner loans that exceed 40 years are dangerous.

A spokesperson for the debt charity Credit Action said: “People are left very susceptible to any sort of circumstantial change” if they agreed to long-term repayment periods.

Debt statistics are updated monthly.  Government, banks, and loan firms use these numbers to determine how they do business.  Consumers can use these numbers to differentiate between ad copy - meant to sell products - and a real look at the UK economy

The total UK personal debt exceeded £1.25 trillion.  At the end of January 2007 it stood at £1,300bn. The growth rate increased to 10.5 per cent for the previous 12 months, or an increase of £114bn.

Total secured loan lending exceeded £1 trillion (£1,000 billion) and at the end of January 2007 it stood at £1087bn, an 11.5 per cent increase over the last 12 months.

The average household debt in the UK is £8,795 (excluding mortgages) and £53,701 including mortgages.  This is far less than IVA and debt management firms are claiming.  These numbers bring the supposed ‘debt mountain’ to a more manageable ‘hill’ – and corroborates the Bank of England’s numbers.

Average owed on loans by every UK adult is £27,638 (including mortgages). This grew by £200 in February 2007.

The average interest paid by each household this year is approximately £3,425 each year.

The average unsecured consumer borrowing via credit cards, motor and retail finance deals, overdraft loans and unsecured personal loans rose to £4,526 per UK adult at the end of January 2007.

Britain’s personal debt is increasing by £1 million every 4 minutes.

This paints a strong picture of the average UK consumer’s ability to manage their debt.  While many households are struggling under debt, many analysts believe that a good debt management councillor will serve most UK consumers better than an IVA firm.

The UK banks are preparing to defend their market against the same problems seen in the US sub-prime market.

Will the US situation hit the UK? Boulger of mortgage broker John Charcol does not think so. ‘But it is something the regulators will be taking into account. A lot of borrowers in the US were on short term ‘teaser’ rates and suffered payment shock when they moved to the standard rate.’

This is something that many UK consumers are being faced with. Despite the UK’s belief that their market is immune, there are parallels between the markets.

‘In the UK it is looking more and more likely that the Bank Base Rate will peak at 5.25%. I would put it at a 50-50 chance. Even if the economy does suffer because of what is happening in the US, we will be less susceptible to a downturn as we have lower exports to the States.

‘In addition we don’t have the same high proportion of sub-prime borrowers on 100% home loans. But if there is any tightening of lending criteria it is going to happen in the sub-prime and adverse markets,’ Boulger says.

Boulger believes that ‘the lenders have found that credit scoring is a very efficient predictor of those borrowers who will default,’ Boulger says. ‘You can never be certain, but I don’t think in the short-term what is happening in the US will affect lending criteria here.’

This is dividing the market into two segments, those who will strengthen the market by investing in property to build wealth, and those who will undermined it by borrowing mortgages which they cannot repay.

Consumers who are considering renting their first home can relax.  The younger landlords are showing that they are as responsible, or more so than the corporations, and less likely to be looking at the buy-to-let market as a get rich quick scheme, or a place to make an unscrupulous ‘quick buck.’

The National Landlords Association (NLA) said that the booming buy-to-let market is seeing younger landlords have an ‘increasingly professional attitude.’ New figures from the Mortgage Trust state that one third of the new buy-to-let investors are between 26 and 35 years-old.

Many of these people are taking advantage of house auctions, easy to obtain mortgages, and soaring rents, to build profitable wealth generating portfolios.

The NLA’s comments are in response to the government’s new Tenancy Deposit Protection (TDP) scheme, which is designed to protect tenants from unscrupulous landlords.

The law, a part of the 2004 Housing Act, now states that landlords are accountable for the proportion of their tenants’ deposit they withhold at the end of the tenancy.

Richard Gard, public affairs officer for the NLA said: “I’ve noticed that it’s the young buy-to-let landlords who are very keen to find out their responsibilities; they realise that they’ve got responsibilities and they also want to know their rights.

“We’re really emphasizing that landlords should join a reputable landlords association, such as ours. If not ours, then there are others out there.

“The cost of joining an association aren’t that high and there are benefits. At the very least, landlords can find out what’s coming up and what the legislation requires of them,” he added.

The trickle effect has finally hit the UK economy as consumers tighten their belts after four, almost successive, interest rate hikes. However, analysts are still reminding consumers that the interest rate has not hit the ‘breaking’ point of 6 per cent, nor has it hit the levels it did a decade ago.

Despite high spending in the retail sector last January, there are now reports which indicate that consumers are not spending as heavily as they once did.

Nationwide’s Consumer Confidence index is slightly higher than last month, as reported in Reuters.

“The index seems to be showing that consumers are responding to the three increases in interest rates. All of the indices are well below the levels recorded before the first rise in rates,” said Nationwide chief economist Fionnuala Earley, reports Reuters.

“Consumer sentiment remains fairly downbeat, but underlying feelings about jobs and income have not collapsed which suggest a fairly stable economic background,” she added.

However, there is good news for consumers who are trying to reduce their debt.  The Bank of England increased the interest rate in an attempt to lower the inflation rate.  While the interest rate impacts the economy, short term, a high inflation rate would create problems for years to come.

This leaves consumers who are trying to build wealth a window of opportunity to take advantage of the buy-to-let or residential housing market.

This is a good time to start a new business in many sectors except retail.  It is still relatively easy to apply for a secured loan that can be used to set up a business.

The number of homeowner loans, mortgages, that were approved in December 2006, was down to 113,000 approvals from 129,000 in November.

Alone, these figures may be interpreted as evidence that the property market is about to slow, except for the fact that demand still outstrips supply, especially in the area of buy-to-let, and eco-friendly homes.

The Nationwide building society said that house price growth slowed in January, following recent interest rate rises. However, it still grew 1.8 per cent, maintaining an annual 10 per cent increase.

However, people who are anticipating putting their home on the market are still enjoying a ‘seller’s market.’  December is traditionally a quiet month for house buying..

However, approvals are regarded as an important indicator of short-term trends in the housing market. The market expected a short term drop after the Bank of England increased interest rates four times in approximately six months.

Investors are not worried. They still point to the fact that interest rates are still far below historical numbers, and that they are still below the ‘wealth building’ break-off point of six percent.

At £10.6bn the money lent in the form of homeowner loans during December was another record, even though the banks approved less loans, reflecting the strong rise in house prices in the past few months.

The investors are not worried. There is still plenty of room to take out a secured loan to improve a home, or prepare it for the buy-to-let market, and make a substantial profit, especially in the London areas.

If you are searching for a mortgage that is suitable for you and your needs, there is one type of mortgage that you may want to consider, a discount mortgage.  A discount mortgage is a mortgage with an interest rate where a discount is applied to the rate on the loan.  The discount is applied to the lender’s standard variable rate for a set length of time.  The length of time can vary from three months to several years.  Because it is a variable rate, the interest will rise and fall with the Bank of England’s base rate.  As the standard variable rate fluctuates up and down, so will the discounted rate.  A lender will offer you various discounts on the interest rate of the mortgage.

A discount mortgage can be beneficial if you are purchasing a home for the first time, as you can use the money that you are saving with the discounted interest rate to purchase new furniture or to help you redecorate your home.  The longer the discounted rate period is, the more you will benefit, so it would be wise to ask around to ensure you receive the best rate as well as the best discount on the mortgage.

With discount mortgages, early redemption penalties almost always apply and could extend beyond the discounted period.  This means that you could end up tied into a mortgage with uncompetitive rates once the discount on the interest rate expires and it reverts back to the lender’s standard variable rate.  If you change your mortgage during the early redemption penalty period, you will have to pay a fee that can be as much as six months repayments on the mortgage.  It will pay off to search around and compare offers from various lenders.

There are new reports that indicate there is a risk that the UK’s housing market is overvalued and heading for a “downward adjustment”, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The IMF stated that they used several indicators that suggest that the house price growth will continue to increase and that properties are “likely overvalued”.

“In light of estimates that house prices are already overvalued, this would increase the subsequent risk of an abrupt downward adjustment,” the IMF stated.

Nationwide claims that the average house price in the UK has reached £174,706 in February.  The annual house price inflation rose to 10.2 per cent.

A spokesman for the Treasury said that the economy has experienced economic growth for 58 successive quarters and that the UK continues to meet “strict” fiscal rules, according to a report in the Telegraph.

There are several intangible indicators that will have an impact on the housing market. The most prevalent indicator is the introduction of environmentally friendly homes.

The introduction of these new homes will have a direct impact on the types of homes that will continue to increase in value.  These news homes emit less emissions and fewer product waste.

Britain has already seen the introduction of eco-towns that are hailed as prototypes for future developments.  Currently, 45 councils have already instigated plans to create eco-homes.

Consumers who are interested in building wealth are looking at methods of improving their current homes, before selling them, so they will receive the bonus sale’s value of having an eco-home.

There are certain mortgages that are aimed to first time buyers.  These mortgages offer deals to first time buyers that they can benefit from.  However, anyone looking into a mortgage for the first time should look over the terms of what is being offered to ensure they are receiving the best value and a mortgage that is right for them.

One type of mortgage that is typically offered to first time buyers is a cashback mortgage.  A cashback mortgage is a mortgage where the lender will give the applicant a sum of money upon the completion of the mortgage.  This sum of money can be used by the applicant for various things, such as solicitor fees, furnishing for the new home, or other expenses involved in a new purchase.  A cashback mortgage can be extremely useful for first time buyers, as they may not have the mean to pay for these additional expenses.  However, with a cashback mortgage there are prepayment penalties that are charged by the lender should the borrower pay off the mortgage early.  These prepayment penalties can be as much as six months repayments on the loan.  Because of the prepayment penalties, a cashback mortgage will mean that the borrower will be locked in to a mortgage for a set number of years with an uncompetitive rate.

The other type of mortgage that lenders offer first time buyers is an introductory discounted rate offer.  This type of mortgage has a low fixed interest rate for a specified amount of time.  This can be beneficial for first time buyers, as the low fixed rate will ensure that the monthly repayments are constant as well as easy to manage during the start of the mortgage.  However, if you do not take advantage of the low interest rate by saving up the additional savings, you may find it difficult to meet the payments once the higher interest rate kicks in.  Be aware of what rate you will be charged once the introductory period is over, and also know when you will have to start making higher payments.  This way you can prepare yourself for when the time comes.